A coronavirus offshoot that spent years lurking in the background is now surfacing in US

A little-known branch of the coronavirus family tree is starting to appear more often in U.S. monitoring data, drawing attention from scientists even though there is no sign of immediate alarm. The strain, known as BA.3.2 and informally called “cicada,” has been detected in wastewater samples around the United States and has shown up in at least 25 states, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It has also been reported in more than 20 countries. In parts of Europe, the variant is responsible for as much as 30% of new infections. While U.S. case numbers remain fairly small, researchers note that BA.3.2 has an unusually high number of changes in its spike protein, which can help the virus evade immune protection.

BA.3.2 traces its origins to an early omicron-related lineage first identified in South Africa in 2022. Unlike many of the newer variants that share close genetic ties, this one is more distinct. Scientists say it carries roughly 70 to 75 mutations in the spike protein alone. Early laboratory studies suggest those alterations may allow the variant to avoid antibodies created by vaccines or prior infections more effectively than other strains. However, some of the same changes might also make it less efficient at attaching to human cells, which could reduce how easily it spreads.

Data from actual cases so far has offered some reassurance. The World Health Organization has classified BA.3.2 as a “variant under monitoring,” but health experts say there is no indication that it leads to more severe illness or rising hospitalizations where it has been found. It also has not displaced currently dominant strains such as XFG and NB.1.8.1, and global health agencies say there is no clear evidence that it is spreading faster than other circulating variants. Reported symptoms appear consistent with recent COVID infections, including cough, fever, sore throat, congestion, fatigue, headache, breathing difficulties, loss of taste or smell, and sometimes gastrointestinal problems.

Health authorities say the existing defenses against COVID-19 still appear to work. Vaccines based on the JN.1 strain are expected to continue providing protection against severe disease, even if they are less effective at preventing infection with BA.3.2. Antiviral treatments also remain effective. Public health guidance remains the same: people who feel sick should test and stay home, masking can be considered in crowded indoor settings, and individuals—especially older adults, those with underlying health conditions, or anyone whose last vaccine or infection was more than six to twelve months ago—should speak with a doctor about booster shots.

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